![]() Ice-cutter for sea platforms and sea platform
专利摘要:
The invention relates to an icebreaker system for marine platforms wherein the system includes two rings of obstacles: a lower ring and an upper ring fixed around pillars of the platform to be protected. The lower ring has obstacles showing a portion sloping upwardly and rearwardly. The upper ring has obstacles staggered with those of the lower ring and showing a portion sloping downwardly and rearwardly. A ring of obstacles is mounted rotatably and/or movably in the vertical direction. The obstacles are of truncated pyramid shape and asymmetrically shaped in front elevation. 公开号:SU1162374A3 申请号:SU813356096 申请日:1981-11-13 公开日:1985-06-15 发明作者:Эдуард Лами Жак;Де Азис Манюель Серрано Франсиско 申请人:Компани Женераль Пур Ле Девелоппеман Операсьоннель Де Ришесс Су-Марин "К.Ж.Дорис" (Фирма); IPC主号:
专利说明:
9. Icebreaker no. 7, characterized in that at least one obstacle ring is mounted on a gear wheel, rotated by means of stationary driving means. 10. Ledorez on PP. 1-9, characterized in that the obstacles are in the shape of a truncated pyramid. 11. Icebreaker according to claim 10, is also distinguished by the fact that the obstacles are asymmetric in shape, while their side surfaces, located on one side, are tilted in the radial plane from the front. 12. Ledorez on PP. 1-11, characterized in that the obstacles of at least one rim have an edge on their inclined surface. 13. Ledorez on PP. 1,2,4-9, about t and h and y and i with the fact that obstacles are formed by trihedrons from pipes, one of the edges of the trihedrons located in the radial plane of the protected structure. 14. food cutter on PP. 1-8 and 10-13, characterized in that in order to ensure the rotation of the crown (s), at least the lower crown of obstacles has in its lower part a plate with conical apertures oriented in the direction of flow. 15. Ice-cutter according to claim 14, characterized in that means for orientation are installed between the plates with holes and the lower part of the brackets of the lower crown. 16. Morska platform containing an ice cutter and installed on supports, wherein each support is provided with an ice cutter. 17. Morska platform containing an ice cutter. 0, similar to the fact that the supports are surrounded by a bracket, I bearing crowns with obstacles. The invention relates to ice cutters for offshore platforms and platforms equipped with such a device, in particular platforms with a strengthened base or jackets with multiple supports attached to the bottom using piles. Known sea support, equipped with ice-breaking means of plow shape, made spring-loaded 0. However, this device is effective in operation only in conditions of ice fields of small thickness. An ice-cutter is also known for offshore platforms installed in freezing seas, including two obstacles at the level of ice fields, one of which is located above the other. However, this device is not sufficiently effective when operating in severe ice conditions. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of crushing ice. This goal is achieved by the fact that in ice-cutter for offshore platforms installed in the frozen seas, including two crowns of obstacles installed at the level of ice fields, one of which is located above the other, the obstacles of the upper rim are located between the lower along the perimeter of the block structure, the obstacles of the lower rim have a surface inclined from bottom to top and front to back, the lower end of this surface is located below the lower border of the ice field at maximum ebb, and the obstacles of the upper rim have The slope is sloping from top to bottom and front to back, with the front end of the sloping surface located above the upper boundary of the ice field at maximum tides. In addition, at least on one crown obstacles may be movable in a vertical plane. Movable obstacles can be executed in the form of hermetic caissons on hinged fasteners located on their upper edge, to the protected structure, while the obstacles are installed with the possibility of rotation on the indicated fasteners and are equipped with means of buoyancy control. Additionally, at least one obstacle crown may be mounted to move in a vertical direction. . I The obstacle circle is set to annular float surrounding the protected structure. An annular float can be provided with buoyancy controls. At least one obstacle ring is rotatably mounted around the structure to be protected. At least one obstacle ring may be mounted on a frame freely moving along the rim, mounted on the structure to be protected, or on a gear wheel, rotated by means of fixed drive means. The obstacles and ice cutters can be in the form of a truncated pyramid. In addition, obstacles may have an asymmetrical shape, with their side surfaces located on one side, inclined in the radial plane from front to back. The obstacles of at least one rim may have an edge on their inclined surface. In addition, obstacles can be formed by trihedra of pipes, with one of the edges of trihedrons located in the radial plane of the protected structure. In order to ensure rotation of the rim (s), at least the lower obstacle rim may have plates with conical holes oriented in the flow direction in its lower part. Additionally, orienting tools can be installed between the plates with the opening and the lower part of the crown of the lower crown. In addition, an offshore platform containing an ice cutter and an installed on supports, it can be equipped with an ice cutter on each of the supports. Additionally, in the offshore platform containing an ice cutter, the supports 5 may be surrounded by a bracket carrying crowns with obstacles. FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a platform equipped with an ice cutter in accordance with one embodiment of the invention; Fig. 2 shows a section A-A in Fig. 1-, Figs. 3 and 4 show the destruction of an ice floe with the help of fixed obstacles, a side view in the cut-out and in front in a partial section; FIG. 3 shows a variant of the construction of obstacles that allow the split ice 1 to be removed in FIG. 6 and 7 destruction of the ice with the help of two upper fixed obstacles and one lower movable obstacle, Q side view, in section and front in partial section; Fig. 8 is a partial perspective view of another embodiment of the invention; Fig. 9 is a partial section of a platform support on which an ice cutter is mounted, two obstacle crowns mounted on an annular concentric interlocking cell; in fig. 10 is a partial section of the platform support, Q on which an ice-cutter is mounted, two crowns of obstacles of which are fixed on an annular concentric float- ,. in fig. 11 is a partial section of the platform support with an ice-cutter, one of the rims of which is fixed and the other mounted on a concentric ring float; - Fig. 12 shows the rotation of the ice-cutter with the help of jacks-of the valve. Fig. 1 shows the offshore drilling platform with an improved base and one central support. The bottom plate 1, laid on the bottom, carries an anti-wipe mesh with holes 2 on the peripheral surface, and in the center is a column or support 3, in the lower part of which are storage tanks for oil 4. On the deck 5, centered and mounted on a support, mounted search and / or operational equipment 6. Support 3 mounted obstacles in the form 5 two crowns 7 and 8: the lower crown 7 pg is at least partially immersed in water, the upper crown 8 is located above the water level. The obstacles alternate, i.e. The obstacles of one ve)) ca are located between the spaces of the other Nenets. In accordance with the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the obstacles have the shape of a truncated pyramid. For obstacles of the lower rim 7, the flat surface 9 is inclined from the bottom up and in front backwards For obstacles of the upper rim 8, the flat surface 10 is inclined from top to bottom and front to back (FIG. 3). The angle between these two surfaces is on the order of 50-60. The position of the crowns on the support is determined by the dependence on the upper and lower borders of the ice and on the height of the tides so that the ice field is destroyed by a group of at least three obstacles. Fig. 4 shows, in section IV, FIG. 3, the principle of operation of the obstacles: the ice floe 11 first rises with the lower obstacle and splits in the direction perpendicular to its direction of movement 12 (arrow 12), while the obstacle of the upper crown 8, together with the obstacles of the lower rim; 7, crushed it into pieces in the direction of its movement. 12. The pieces of ice are retracted. by means of means, for example, helical grooves (not shown), filled on the surface of the support. The removal of pieces of ice can also be carried out due to the asymmetrical shape of the VIY's bones (Fig. 3), in which the surfaces in contact with the ice are rounded, and the pieces of ice are brought into position by the floor of the pack ice. In accordance with the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the obstacles VIA are formed by ready-made concrete blocks, which are fixed on a support by known means using the technology of attachment with prestressing. In accordance with other options, the obstacles can be made in the form of two concrete plates subjected to prestressing operations, with reinforcing partitions between them, or they can be steel shells with stiffeners made according to the technology commonly used for the manufacture of icebreaker vessel hulls. In order to concentrate cutting forces, from flat or relatively flat surfaces 9, 10 shown in FIG. 3 and 4, protrusions of a prismatic shape are made (Fig. 7), the fins 13 of which come into contact with the ice being destroyed. In accordance with the embodiment of the invention shown in section 6, the obstacles of the lower rim are hermetic caissons that can move in the radial plane of the protected structure. In the radial section, the obstacle has the shape of an approximately rectangular triangle, which is attached by means of hinged joints in the form of an axis 14, which passes through the upper edge 15 located near the support wall. This obstacle can be rotated at speeds (not shown in Fig. 6), which are attached to the support wall. Side 16 is usually parallel to or resting against support wall 17. In this example, the obstacle is made of metal according to the technology used in the manufacture of hulls of icebreaking vessels. On its sloping surface 18time prism protrusion with a Central edge 13 (Fig.7). I The buoyancy controls, shown schematically, allow ballast to be blocked by seawater. These means include a discharge pipe 19 and a ballasting valve 20 with remote control via a tube 21. Ballasting means, in particular a tube 19 and 21 may be located in another way, for example, they may be connected nearby or to the axis of attachment 14 itself. The principle of action of movable obstacles is as follows: in the position shown in Fig. 6, the obstacle of the lower crown 7 is filled with water in such a way that its surface (wall 16) abuts against the support wall 17, and its inclined surface 18 is directed towards the approaching ice floe. When the floe finds on an inclined surface or an edge and comes into contact with an inclined surface 10 or an obstacle edge of the upper crown 8, water is expelled from the internal volume of the obstacle of the lower crown 7 and, in accordance with Archimedes' law, the crown of the lower crown 7 goes up ( arrow 22), acting on ice floe 1 sandwiched between the upper rims 8 of obstacles (Fig. 7) with a cutting force sufficient to split the ice floe. The magnitude of this force is easily controlled by the volume of the obstacle, which is determined by ice conditions in the area of operation of the platform. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, the obstacles can be made in the form of trihedrons (Fig. 8), made of steel pipes arranged in two rows, one of the edges of each trihedron located in the radial plane and directed towards the middle of the rim. The arrangement of trihedrons is similar to the arrangement of obstacles in other embodiments of the invention, with one of the trigon edges performing the same functions as the obstacle ribs 13 of the crowns 7 and 8 in the variant shown in FIG. The removal of pieces of ice occurs passively under the action of the pressure of the pack floor. Pieces are rejected by grooves formed on the support wall. They may also fail due to the asymmetrical form of the obstacles, side surfaces 23, 24 of which, located on one side, are inclined in the radial plane and front to back. However, in some cases, in particular, straight ice, this method can generate problems due to the slow diversion of cracked ice. For fast and controlled removal of broken ice, the crowns of obstacles around the protected structure are rotated in order to relatively quickly withdraw ice for the construction in the direction of moving the floor of pack ice. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention (Fig. 9), both non-obstacles are mounted on the frame 25, which rotates on the rim 26, put on the support of the protected structure or, for example, on the wall 27 of this support. The frame is mounted on the rollers 28, which1 go along the side of the rim 26 and transfer pressure forces due to the movement of ice to the support. The rollers 29 interacting with the ends of the rim, npt, complete the longitudinal movements of the frame 25 and hold the weight of the ice covered on the inclined surfaces or ribs of the lower rim 7. According to another embodiment of the invention (FIG. 10), two obstacle rims are mounted on the annular float 30 coaxially with the support of the protected structure and equipped with rollers 31, which roll on the surface of the support 32. It is preferable to provide on the surface of the support, at the height of the likely movement of the raceway float 33. Arrange The structure can work as follows. The buoyancy of the two-rim obstacle float is adjusted so that the ends of the obstacles located below are slightly below the ice level, and the ends of the obstacles located above are slightly above this level, located on the lower obstacles, the ice floe melts the float. The destruction of the floe in the first phase occurs solely due to its pressure on the obstacles located relative to each other, as shown in Figures 4 and 7. The floe lying on the lower obstacles becomes lighter and the float returns to its equilibrium position, splitting the ice floe upwards. The device can also work as follows. A float equipped with buoyancy controls is used. The float carrying the wreath is filled with ballast so that the lower obstacles are below the level of the ice, after which it is lightened and, lifting, it splits the ice in the upward direction. After that, it is placed in such a way that the upper obstacles split the ice in the direction from top to bottom. By causing the float to rise, then lower, you can create an ice-free zone around the protected structure. According to an embodiment of the invention in which there is a combination of a fixed obstacle crown and a float with another obstacle crown, a device shown in FIG. 11 is obtained. The upper crown 8 of the obstacles is fixedly mounted on the support of the protected structure, and the lower crown 7 of the obstacles is mounted on a concentric circular float 34 with compartments. The float is equipped with means for varying its buoyancy. When the caisson is facilitated, its ascent and splitting of ice occurs between the movable and stationary obstacles in the same way as for the variant in Fig. 6. In the devices shown in FIG. 9 and 10, the removal of crushed ice occurs due to the rotation of the obstacles. Carcass 25 or float 30 rotates. This rotation is carried out, as shown in Fig. 12, by means of a gear wheel 35 mounted on a moving part and rotated by means of control, including latches 36, actuated by jacks 37, reinforced on the wall opora. The crowns rotate in that OR other direction depending on the asymmetrical distribution of the fractured ice. A similar device can be used to move the crown mounted on the float 34 (Fig, 11) after the tic obstacles get out of engagement with the upper ones after ballasting the pop-up. The devices shown in FIG. 9-11, can be rotated in a passive manner: in the lower part of the lower crown, under the frame 25 or floats 30 and 34, plates 38 are mounted in which a plurality of truncated cone holes 39 are made, the larger base of which is oriented in the direction of flow. The flow creates a force sufficient to rotate the crown in the desired direction. To change the direction of rotation, it is sufficient to rotate 180 plates mounted on the orientation devices 40 rigidly connected to the lower part of the frame of the upper rim. In the case of platforms with an upgraded base mounted on multiple supports, an icebreaking device with fixed or movable rims and fixed 1I or movable obstacles can be installed on each support. It is also possible to provide a rim around two or more ottop structures resting on these supports and serving as a bracket for the icebreaking device. In the case of jackets, in which the supports are held at the bottom with the help of piles, a rim goes around the supports, on which the icebreaker is mounted. This rim is supported on supports that are connected to the cross-beam with each other in order to withstand and distribute the loads. .-T4 .... "t. -F.". s A / s. / irt Fie5 15 114 6 Figz thirty FIG. YU
权利要求:
Claims (17) [1] 1. The icebreaker for offshore platforms installed in the freezing seas comprising situated at the level of ice fields two crown obstacles, one of which is placed above the other, with otlichayuschiy- I so 'that, with a view to crushing povysheniya.effektivnosti ice prepyat-% Corollary the upper rim is placed between the lower ones along the perimeter of the protected structure, and the obstacles of the lower rim have a surface inclined from bottom to top and front to back, and the lower end of this surface is located below the lower boundary of the ice field at maximum castings, and the top crowns have a surface inclined from top to bottom and from front to back, with the front end of this inclined surface being above the upper boundary of the ice field at maximum tides. [2] 2. Ice cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that in at least one crown the obstacles are movable in a vertical plane. [3] 3. Ice cutter according to claim 2, characterized in that the movable obstacles are made in the form of sealed caissons on hinged fasteners located on their upper edge, closest to the protected structure, while the obstacles are mounted with the possibility of rotation on the indicated mounts and equipped with means buoyancy control. [4] 4. Ice cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one crown of obstacles is mounted with the possibility of movement in the vertical direction. [5] 5. Ice cutter according to claim 4, characterized in that the obstacle ring is mounted on an annular float surrounding the protected structure. [6] 6. Ice cutter according to paragraphs. 4 and 5, characterized in that the annular float is equipped with means for controlling buoyancy. [7] 7. Ice cutter according to paragraphs. 1.4-6, characterized in that at least one crown of obstacles is installed with the possibility of rotation around the protected structure. [8] 8. Ice cutter according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one crown of obstacles is mounted on a frame freely moving along the rim mounted on the protected structure. 1 162374 [9] 9. Ice cutter according to π.7, characterized in that at least one crown of obstacles is mounted on a gear wheel, driven into rotation by means of fixed drive means. [10] 10. Ice cutter according to paragraphs. 1-9, characterized in that the obstacles are in the form of a truncated pyramid. [11] 11. The ice cutter according to claim 10 is distinguished by the fact that the obstacles are asymmetric in shape, while their side surfaces, located on one side, are inclined in the radial plane from the front by ^ hell. [12] 12. Ice cutter according to paragraphs. 1-11, characterized in that the obstacles of at least one crown have a rib on its inclined surface. [13] 13. Ice cutter according to paragraphs. 1,2,4-9, characterized in that the obstacles are formed by trihedrons from pipes, and one of the ribs of the trihedrons is located in the radial plane of the protected structure. [14] 14. Dedorez according to paragraphs. 1-8 and 10-13, characterized in that to ensure rotation of the crown (s), at least the lower crown of obstacles has in its lower part of the plate with conical holes oriented in the direction of flow. [15] 15. Ice cutter according to 14, characterized in that between the plates with holes and the lower part of the brackets of the lower rim installed orientation means. [16] 16. An offshore platform containing an ice cutter and mounted on supports, characterized in that each support is equipped with an ice cutter. [17] 17. Offshore platform containing Icebreaker hours of tlichayuschayasya in that the supports are surrounded by the bracket, 'bearing crowns with obstacles.
类似技术:
公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题 US4434741A|1984-03-06|Arctic barge drilling unit CA1092376A|1980-12-30|Method and apparatus for protecting offshore structures against forces from moving ice sheets US3952527A|1976-04-27|Offshore platform for arctic environments CA1229527A|1987-11-24|Floating drilling platform US5044830A|1991-09-03|Gravity base structure for an offshore platform in arctic regions SU1162374A3|1985-06-15|Ice-cutter for sea platforms and sea platform US3824942A|1974-07-23|Offshore underwater storage tank CN107757834B|2019-07-16|A kind of ice-breaking submerged body CA1231542A|1988-01-19|Arctic offshore production platform US3669052A|1972-06-13|Method and apparatus for preventing ice damage to marine structures US4479742A|1984-10-30|Mobile bottom-founded caisson for arctic operations US3791152A|1974-02-12|Offshore storage system US4275679A|1981-06-30|Floating platform with monolithically formed float members and platform US4808036A|1989-02-28|Mobile marine operations structure US4512684A|1985-04-23|Mobile offshore structure for arctic exploratory drilling KR860008069A|1986-11-12|Drilling structures for extreme deep seas FI67110C|1985-01-10|FOERFARANDE FOER TILLVERKING AV STORA ISKROPPAR RU2483967C2|2013-06-10|Ice-breaking system for floating bodies US4222682A|1980-09-16|Platforms for sea-bottom exploitation US4484841A|1984-11-27|Offshore platform structure for artic waters US3863457A|1975-02-04|Submarine foundation and offshore working platform US4260292A|1981-04-07|Arctic offshore platform KR101823550B1|2018-01-30|Ice Breaker Ship US4648749A|1987-03-10|Method and apparatus for constructing an artificial island CA1257098A|1989-07-11|Offshore platform of reinforced concrete and a method of producing same
同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 US4468152A|1984-08-28| NO154022B|1986-03-24| NO154022C|1986-07-02| CA1179513A|1984-12-18| NO813854L|1982-05-18| FR2494322A1|1982-05-21| FR2494322B1|1985-11-22| DK503681A|1982-05-15|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 RU2572344C2|2014-05-21|2016-01-10|Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр" |Device to protect supports of stationary marine engineering structures against external ice impact| RU171716U1|2017-02-14|2017-06-13|Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Дальневосточный федеральный университет" |Device for protecting offshore drilling rigs from ice|US28332A|1860-05-15|Improvement in machines for engraving rollers | US3696624A|1970-10-02|1972-10-10|Sun Oil Co Delaware|Bucket wheel ice cutter| US3693360A|1970-10-02|1972-09-26|John E Holder|Ice breaker for marine structures| US3698340A|1971-03-02|1972-10-17|Jacob C Wagner|Ice-breaking system for ships| US3807179A|1972-10-02|1974-04-30|Gulf Oil Corp|Deicing systems| US3894504A|1974-04-08|1975-07-15|Sea Log Corp|Ice cutter for monopod drilling platform| DE2537918C3|1975-08-26|1978-03-23|Heinrich Dr.-Ing.E.H. 5300 Bonn-Bad Godesberg Waas|Device for repelling ice from columns, pillars or the like standing vertically in the water. of fixed or floating structures in ice-prone sea areas| JPS5364901A|1976-11-24|1978-06-09|Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng|Ice crusher for structure used in icy waters| US4300855A|1980-03-13|1981-11-17|Kenneth Watson|Rotatable ice-formation-preventing device|US4666341A|1983-07-22|1987-05-19|Santa Fe International Corporation|Mobile sea barge and plateform| GB8623627D0|1986-10-01|1986-11-05|Statham J A|Conversion of kinetic energy| US8641327B2|2007-07-30|2014-02-04|Kellogg Brown & Root Llc|Methods and apparatus for protecting offshore structures| WO2012054840A1|2010-10-21|2012-04-26|Conocophillips Company|Reinforced legs for ice worthy jack-up drilling unit| CN107142907B|2017-07-04|2020-02-14|哈尔滨工业大学|Ice-breaking pyramid and movable ice-breaking device with same|
法律状态:
优先权:
[返回顶部]
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR8024237A|FR2494322B1|1980-11-14|1980-11-14|ICE-BREAKER DEVICE FOR MARINE PLATFORMS| 相关专利
Sulfonates, polymers, resist compositions and patterning process
Washing machine
Washing machine
Device for fixture finishing and tension adjusting of membrane
Structure for Equipping Band in a Plane Cathode Ray Tube
Process for preparation of 7 alpha-carboxyl 9, 11-epoxy steroids and intermediates useful therein an
国家/地区
|